구차니의 잡동사니 모음

$ xdpyinfo

$ cat xdpy.txt

name of display:    :0.0

version number:    11.0

vendor string:    The X.Org Foundation

vendor release number:    11204000

X.Org version: 1.12.4

maximum request size:  16777212 bytes

motion buffer size:  256

bitmap unit, bit order, padding:    32, LSBFirst, 32

image byte order:    LSBFirst

number of supported pixmap formats:    7

supported pixmap formats:

    depth 1, bits_per_pixel 1, scanline_pad 32

    depth 4, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32

    depth 8, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32

    depth 15, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32

    depth 16, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32

    depth 24, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32

    depth 32, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32

keycode range:    minimum 8, maximum 255

focus:  window 0x1200005, revert to Parent

number of extensions:    27

    BIG-REQUESTS

    Composite

    DAMAGE

    DOUBLE-BUFFER

    DPMS

    DRI2

    GLX

    Generic Event Extension

    MIT-SCREEN-SAVER

    MIT-SHM

    RANDR

    RECORD

    RENDER

    SECURITY

    SGI-GLX

    SHAPE

    SYNC

    X-Resource

    XC-MISC

    XFIXES

    XFree86-DGA

    XFree86-VidModeExtension

    XINERAMA

    XInputExtension

    XKEYBOARD

    XTEST

    XVideo

default screen number:    0

number of screens:    1

screen #0:

  dimensions:    656x416 pixels (174x110 millimeters)

  resolution:    96x96 dots per inch

  depths (7):    16, 1, 4, 8, 15, 24, 32

  root window id:    0xe2

  depth of root window:    16 planes

  number of colormaps:    minimum 1, maximum 1

  default colormap:    0x20

  default number of colormap cells:    64

  preallocated pixels:    black 0, white 65535

  options:    backing-store NO, save-unders NO

  largest cursor:    656x416

  current input event mask:    0x7a003c

    ButtonPressMask          ButtonReleaseMask        EnterWindowMask

    LeaveWindowMask          StructureNotifyMask      SubstructureNotifyMask

    SubstructureRedirectMask FocusChangeMask          PropertyChangeMask

  number of visuals:    33

  default visual id:  0x21

  visual:

    visual id:    0x21

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    8 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc2

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc3

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc4

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc5

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc6

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc7

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc8

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xc9

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xca

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xcb

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xcc

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xcd

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xce

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xcf

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd0

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd1

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd2

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd3

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd4

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd5

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd6

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd7

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd8

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xd9

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xda

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xdb

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xdc

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xdd

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xde

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xdf

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0xe0

    class:    DirectColor

    depth:    16 planes

    available colormap entries:    64 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xf800, 0x7e0, 0x1f

    significant bits in color specification:    6 bits

  visual:

    visual id:    0x41

    class:    TrueColor

    depth:    32 planes

    available colormap entries:    256 per subfield

    red, green, blue masks:    0xff0000, 0xff00, 0xff

    significant bits in color specification:    8 bits 

$ cat xran.txt

Screen 0: minimum 656 x 416, current 656 x 416, maximum 656 x 416

default connected 656x416+0+0 0mm x 0mm

   656x416         0.0* 

gpio edge <pin> rising/falling/both/none

This enables the given pin for edge interrupt triggering on the rising, falling or both edges. (Or none which disables it)

[링크 : http://wiringpi.com/the-gpio-utility/] 

GPIO.add_event_detect(17, GPIO.FALLING, callback=my_callback, bouncetime=300)  GPIO.add_event_detect(23, GPIO.FALLING, callback=my_callback2, bouncetime=300)  

[링크 : http://raspi.tv/2013/how-to-use-interrupts-with-python-on-the-raspberry-pi-and-rpi-gpio-part-3] 

void myInterrupt(void) {

   eventCounter++;

}

int main(void) {

  if (wiringPiSetup () < 0) {

      fprintf (stderr, "Unable to setup wiringPi: %s\n", strerror (errno));

      return 1;

  }

  // set Pin 17/0 generate an interrupt on high-to-low transitions

  // and attach myInterrupt() to the interrupt

  if ( wiringPiISR (BUTTON_PIN, INT_EDGE_FALLING, &myInterrupt) < 0 ) {

      fprintf (stderr, "Unable to setup ISR: %s\n", strerror (errno));

      return 1;

  }

  // display counter value every second.

  while ( 1 ) {

    printf( "%d\n", eventCounter );

    eventCounter = 0;

    delay( 1000 ); // wait 1 second

  }

  return 0;

}

[링크 : http://cs.smith.edu/dftwiki/index.php/Tutorial:_Interrupt-Driven_Event-Counter_on_the_Raspberry_Pi] 

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo cat /etc/default/keyboard

# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE

# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.

XKBMODEL="pc105"

XKBLAYOUT="gb"

XKBVARIANT=""

XKBOPTIONS=""

BACKSPACE="guess" 

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo setupcon

We are not on the console, the console is left unconfigured. 

Voltage: 4.75-5.25V

Working Frequency: 125 KHz

Sensing Distance(Max): 70mm

TTL Output: 9600 baudrate, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no verify bit

Wiegand Output: 26 bits Wiegand format, 1 even verify bit, 24 data bits, and 1 odd verify bit

[링크 : http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Grove_-_125KHz_RFID_Reader] 

125Khz  EM카드

저렴하고 광범위하게 사용되고 있는카드

13.56Mhz MF카드

카드의 데이터값을 수정할 수 있으며

교통카드가 대표적인 MF카드임.

[링크 : http://korearfidtag.com/] 

$ cat ultrasonic_1.py

#!/usr/bin/python

#+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

#|R|a|s|p|b|e|r|r|y|P|i|-|S|p|y|.|c|o|.|u|k|

#+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

#

# ultrasonic_1.py

# Measure distance using an ultrasonic module

#

# Author : Matt Hawkins

# Date   : 09/01/2013

# -----------------------

# Import required Python libraries

import time

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

# Use BCM GPIO references

# instead of physical pin numbers

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

# Define GPIO to use on Pi

GPIO_TRIGGER = 18

GPIO_ECHO    = 18

print "Ultrasonic Measurement"

# Set pins as output and input

GPIO.setup(GPIO_TRIGGER,GPIO.OUT)  # Trigger

# Set trigger to False (Low)

GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)

# Allow module to settle

time.sleep(0.5)

# Send 10us pulse to trigger

GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, True)

time.sleep(0.00001)

GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)

start = time.time()

GPIO.setup(GPIO_ECHO,GPIO.IN)      # Echo

while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO)==0:

  start = time.time()

while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO)==1:

  stop = time.time()

# Calculate pulse length

elapsed = stop-start

# Distance pulse travelled in that time is time

# multiplied by the speed of sound (cm/s)

distance = elapsed * 34300

# That was the distance there and back so halve the value

distance = distance / 2

print "Distance : %.1f" % distance

# Reset GPIO settings

GPIO.cleanup() 

pi@raspberrypi ~/src/sonic $ sudo python ultrasonic_1.py

Ultrasonic Measurement

Distance : 154.8

pi@raspberrypi ~/src/sonic $ sudo python ultrasonic_1.py

Ultrasonic Measurement

Distance : 3.0

pi@raspberrypi ~/src/sonic $ sudo python ultrasonic_1.py

Ultrasonic Measurement

Distance : 9.1

pi@raspberrypi ~/src/sonic $ sudo python ultrasonic_1.py

Ultrasonic Measurement

Distance : 26.3 

/*

 *  dht11.c:

 * Simple test program to test the wiringPi functions

 * DHT11 test

 */

#include <wiringPi.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdint.h>

#define MAXTIMINGS 85

#define DHTPIN 7

int dht11_dat[5] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };

void read_dht11_dat()

{

uint8_t laststate = HIGH;

uint8_t counter = 0;

uint8_t j = 0, i;

float f; /* fahrenheit */

dht11_dat[0] = dht11_dat[1] = dht11_dat[2] = dht11_dat[3] = dht11_dat[4] = 0;

/* pull pin down for 18 milliseconds */

pinMode( DHTPIN, OUTPUT );

digitalWrite( DHTPIN, LOW );

delay( 18 );

/* then pull it up for 40 microseconds */

digitalWrite( DHTPIN, HIGH );

delayMicroseconds( 40 );

/* prepare to read the pin */

pinMode( DHTPIN, INPUT );

/* detect change and read data */

for ( i = 0; i < MAXTIMINGS; i++ )

{

counter = 0;

while ( digitalRead( DHTPIN ) == laststate )

{

counter++;

delayMicroseconds( 1 );

if ( counter == 255 )

{

break;

}

}

laststate = digitalRead( DHTPIN );

if ( counter == 255 )

break;

/* ignore first 3 transitions */

if ( (i >= 4) && (i % 2 == 0) )

{

/* shove each bit into the storage bytes */

dht11_dat[j / 8] <<= 1;

if ( counter > 16 )

dht11_dat[j / 8] |= 1;

j++;

}

}

/*

 * check we read 40 bits (8bit x 5 ) + verify checksum in the last byte

 * print it out if data is good

 */

if ( (j >= 40) &&

     (dht11_dat[4] == ( (dht11_dat[0] + dht11_dat[1] + dht11_dat[2] + dht11_dat[3]) & 0xFF) ) )

{

f = dht11_dat[2] * 9. / 5. + 32;

printf( "Humidity = %d.%d %% Temperature = %d.%d *C (%.1f *F)\n",

dht11_dat[0], dht11_dat[1], dht11_dat[2], dht11_dat[3], f );

}else  {

printf( "Data not good, skip\n" );

}

}

int main( void )

{

printf( "Raspberry Pi wiringPi DHT11 Temperature test program\n" );

if ( wiringPiSetup() == -1 )

exit( 1 );

while ( 1 )

{

read_dht11_dat();

delay( 1000 ); /* wait 1sec to refresh */

}

return(0);

}

[링크 : http://www.uugear.com/portfolio/dht11-humidity-temperature-sensor-module/] 

$ gcc dht11.c -lwiringPi

$ sudo ./a.out

Raspberry Pi wiringPi DHT11 Temperature test program

Humidity = 63.0 % Temperature = 26.0 *C (78.8 *F)

Data not good, skip

...

Humidity = 85.0 % Temperature = 30.0 *C (86.0 *F)

...