embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 22. 08:05

라즈베리 오버클럭 테스트 링크

라즈베리 1b 기준으로 테스트 한 문서

(USB 포트가 2개라서 보드레이아웃이 B 인듯? 그리고 2015년에 2가 나왔으니..)

[링크 : http://www.mobileappsystems.com/blog/raspberry-pi-overclocking-overvolting]



turbo 모드로 할 경우 warranty에 영향이 없음이라는데...



We’ve been doing a lot of work to understand the impact of voltage and temperature on lifetime, and are now able to offer a “turbo mode”, which dynamically enables overclock and overvolt under the control of a cpufreq driver, without affecting your warranty. We are happy that the combination of only applying turbo when busy, and limiting turbo when the BCM2835’s internal temperature reaches 85°C, means there will be no measurable reduction in the lifetime of your Raspberry Pi.

[링크 : https://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-turbo-mode-up-to-50-more-performance-for-free/]


Overclocking

NOTE: Setting parameters other than that available by 'raspi-config' will set a permanent bit within the SoC, making it possibly to detect that you Raspberry Pi has been overclocked. This was meant to void warranty if the device has been overclocked. Since 19th of September 2012 you can overclock your Raspberry Pi without affecting your warranty[2]


The latest kernel has a cpufreq kernel driver with the "ondemand" governor enabled by default. It has no effect if you have no overclock settings. But when you do, the arm frequency will vary with processor load. Non default values are only used when needed according to the used governor. You can adjust the minimum values with the *_min config options or disable dynamic clocking with force_turbo=1. [3]


Overclock and overvoltage will be disabled at runtime when the SoC reaches 85 °C to cool it down. You should not hit the limit, even with maximum settings at 25 °C ambient temperature. [4]

[링크 : http://elinux.org/RPiconfig]

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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 21. 21:54

라즈베리 파이 2 늘솜 확장보드 - 어? 길이가..!!?

---

2015.04.22 추가

어? 생각해보니 여기가 아니다!!!

아무튼.. 이녀석.. 적외선 리시버를 장착한 채로는 사용불가!

위로 옮기던가 하기 전에는 사용못한다.

---


어? 늘솜 제품을 샀는데..

사진이랑 다르다!?!?!


확인을 해보니.. 이녀석.. 원래는 라즈베리 파이 A/B용 B+ 나 2 B+용이 아니다!!!


엘레파츠에서 파는 방열판과 높이가 안맞는다!!!

그래서 핀 헤더가 완전히 장착되지 못하고 뜨는데!!!! ㅠㅠ


일단 핀 배열 자체는 26핀 이후에 14핀이 추가된 개념이라 차이가 없어 보이니 일단 궈궈중

2015/02/26 - [개소리 왈왈/라즈베리 파이 2] - 라즈베리 2 하드웨어 관련 정보 및 win10 IoT



[링크 : http://www.alessandrocolla.com/configuring-ir-remote-control-openelec-5-0/]

[링크 : http://wiki.openelec.tv/index.php/Guide_to_add_your_own_remote]

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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 21. 11:06

지름 도착

땜질이나 하자~




고작 이거 때문에!!!! ㅠㅠ


그래도 이렇게 넣으면 깔끔하긴 하네..


크으으윽 저넘의 IR 리시버 ㅠㅠ


간만에 땜질하려니 깔끔하게 잘 안되네 ㅠㅠ


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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 20. 17:31

아 일단 질러 ㅋㅋㅋ

배송비 포함 대략 1.1만 ㅋㅋ

일단은 주 목적은 저 넘의 ir receiver인데

4일 걸려서 1000원짜리 4개 살바에는

바로 사서 이쁘게 쓰자! ㅋㅋ





[링크 : http://eleparts.co.kr/EPX93FF4]

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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 18. 11:11

ir bpf ?

bpf - band pass filter

[링크 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band-pass_filter]


IR 수광부와 리모컨에서 사용하는 녀석이 무슨 차이인가 해서

조사를 해봤더니 Band Pass라는 녀석이 있는데




1kHz 짜리 BPF를 구성하는데 이렇게 다양하고 많은 부품이 필요하댄다 -_-

[링크 : http://www.scienceprog.com/diy-simple-band-pass-filter/] 1k bpf

[링크 : http://www.paulodowd.com/2013/06/arduino-38khz-bandpass-software-digital.html]



괜히.. 이런 리모컨 부품이 비싼게 아닌듯..

IR 수광부는 싼게 100원 근처인데 반해 리모컨용 수광부는 1000원 정도 하는거 보면...

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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 18. 11:02

라즈베리 파이 2 ir receiver 조사하기..


GPIO 18번 PCM_CLK 라는 부분에 IR 리시버의 출력을 연결하면 된다는데

일단 전압은 3V 짜리로 구해야 할 것으로 보인다.

[링크 : http://ozzmaker.com/2013/10/24/how-to-control-the-gpio-on-a-raspberry-pi-with-an-ir-remote/]


핀헤더를 보니.. PCM_CLK와 PCM_DOUT 이라는게 있는데

PCM_CLK 나 GPIO나 SPI1_CE0 혹은 PWM으로 쓸 수 있다고 되어 있다.

그런데 대개.. PWM은 Output 아니었나...?

[링크 : http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals]


GPIO18번의 사용가능한 기능

그나저나.. PCM_DIN이 있긴한데.. 느낌으로 봐서는 PCM_DIN/PCM_DOUT으로 I2S 쪽인거 같기도 하고?


GPIO voltage levels are 3.3 V and are not 5 V tolerant. There is no over-voltage protection on the board - the intention is that people interested in serious interfacing will use an external board with buffers, level conversion and analog I/O rather than soldering directly onto the main board.

[링크 : http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs]

[링크 : https://sites.google.com/site/semilleroadt/raspberry-pi-tutorials/gpio]


GPIO는 5V 를 버틸수가 없다!!! level shift 를 하던가 그 부품을 쓰던가 -_ㅠ

레벨 시프트 칩 회로 구성하기 귀찮... -_ㅠ


귀찮으면.. 이걸 그냥 사면되는데 << 걍 이거 사야 할 듯..

[링크 : http://www.devicemart.co.kr/1077127]  NulSom Inc. NS-GPIO-04 8200원/VAT별도


[링크 : http://www.vishay.com/docs/82491/tsop382.pdf]


특가로 개당 350원짜리가 있는데 이건.. 5V 다

음. GPIO에 보호회로가 없는데 브로드컴 칩이 5V를 GPIO로 받을수 있으려나 -ㅁ-? >> 3.3V GPIO 톨러런스...

[링크 : http://www.devicemart.co.kr/38921]



39khz 대신 33khz로 찾았는데

이녀석도.. 일단은.. 4.5~5.5V -_ㅠ

[링크 : http://www.devicemart.co.kr/6787]


시간이 걸려도 그냥 개당 1000원인데 이걸 살까 -_-

[링크 : http://eleparts.co.kr/EPX6DV7R]

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embeded/odroid2015. 4. 17. 14:31

또 다른 선택.. Odroid C1

라즈베리 사고 나서는 아니고 알고는 있었는데

조금 비싼 느낌이라 패스 했거늘..


라즈베리 2랑 비교하면 꽤 장점이 있는데..

1. IR 리시버 장착(!!!)

2. eMMC 장착가능

3. GbE 지원(!!!)

4. USB Host 4 + OTG 1


단, 단점으로는

1. mini HDMI

2. 별도의 전원 커넥터(micro USB로 전원공급 못함)


정도인듯..


하.. eMMC에 급 끌리네 ㅠㅠ


[링크 : http://www.hardkernel.com/main/products/prdt_info.php?g_code=G141578608433]



한줄요약 : 하드커널사에서 가격도 라즈베리2랑 동일하게 맞춘 대체제이나 일장일단이 있음

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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 17. 10:26

initramfs 조사

커널에서 어떻게 설정하고 어떻게 해야 하나...


[링크 : http://elinux.org/RPiconfig]

[링크 : https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Initramfs/HOWTO/ko]

[링크 : http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/postlfs/initramfs.html]

[링크 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initramfs]


2010/09/19 - [Linux] - mkinitramfs


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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 16. 20:47

라즈베리 파이 2 커널모듈 빌드


디렉토리 구조

linux 와 target_fs(rootfs) 그리고 tools는 git로 받고

modules는 linux 커널 모듈을 내려받기 위해서 빈 디렉토리로 생성한다.


~/rasp$ tree -L 2

.

├── linux

├── modules

├── target_fs

└── tools

    ├── arm-bcm2708

    ├── configs

    ├── mkimage

    ├── pkg

    ├── sysidk

    ├── test_code

    └── usbboot


일단.. modules 디렉토리 없이 그냥 하니 /lib 로 타겟이 아닌 호스트에 바로 복사하려는 만행을 벌이는데!!

$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- modules_install

scripts/kconfig/conf --silentoldconfig Kconfig

mkdir: `/lib/modules/3.18.10-v7+' 디렉토리를 만들 수 없습니다: 허가 거부

make: *** [_modinst_] 오류 1



~/rasp/tools/mkimage$ ./imagetool-uncompressed.py ../../linux/arch/arm/boot/zImage


[링크 : http://sysprogs.com/VisualKernel/tutorials/raspberry/buildkernel/]

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embeded/raspberry pi2015. 4. 14. 21:28

라즈베리 파이 2 커널 바꿔치기.. 실패 ㅠㅠ

snappy SD 카드에

kernel.img를 바꾸니 무한 재부팅 -_ㅠ


config.txt에

kernel=kernel.img

이런식으로 넣으니 그냥 깜깜 무소식 -_-



[링크 : http://elinux.org/Raspberry_Pi_Kernel_Compilation]

[링크 : https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/linux/kernel/building.md]


+

음... make modules_install을 안해주고 해서 그런가?

ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CCPREFIX} INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../modules make modules_install

[링크 : http://sysprogs.com/VisualKernel/tutorials/raspberry/buildkernel/]



+

2015.04.16 추가

시리얼 연결해서 머가 문제인지 확인

일단.. snappy의 경우 kernel.img는 바꾸어도 차이가 없고

kernel7.img를 바꾸어야 변화가 생긴다. 아마도 kernel7.img가 ARMv7용인듯 하다.


Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0xf00

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct

[    0.000000] Linux version 3.18.10-v7+ (minimonk@devdesk) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140106 (prerelease) (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1-4.8-2014.01 - Linaro GCC 2013.11) ) #2 SMP PREEMPT Tue Apr 14 21:12:23 KST 2015

[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d

[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache

[    0.000000] Machine: BCM2709

[    0.000000] cma: Reserved 8 MiB at 0x39800000

[    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc

[    0.000000] [bcm2709_smp_init_cpus] enter (8600->f3003010)

[    0.000000] [bcm2709_smp_init_cpus] ncores=4

[    0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 10 pages/cpu @ba369000 s11456 r8192 d21312 u40960

[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 239776

[    0.000000] Kernel command line: dma.dmachans=0x7f35 bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=1600 bcm2708_fb.fbheight=900 bcm2709.boardrev=0xa21041 bcm2709.serial=0xa37ce24e smsc95xx.macaddr=B8:27:EB:7C:E2:4E bcm2708_fb.fbswap=1 bcm2709.disk_led_gpio=47 bcm2709.disk_led_active_low=0 sdhci-bcm2708.emmc_clock_freq=250000000 vc_mem.mem_base=0x3dc00000 vc_mem.mem_size=0x3f000000  dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=ttyAMA0,115200 root=/dev/disk/by-label/system-a init=/lib/systemd/systemd ro panic=-1 fixrtc elevator=deadline rootwait

[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)

[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)

[    0.000000] Memory: 928208K/966656K available (5717K kernel code, 397K rwdata, 1748K rodata, 388K init, 763K bss, 38448K reserved)

[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:

[    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)

[    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (2048 kB)

[    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xbb800000 - 0xff000000   (1080 MB)

[    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xbb000000   ( 944 MB)

[    0.000000]     modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB)

[    0.000000]       .text : 0x80008000 - 0x807527f0   (7466 kB)

[    0.000000]       .init : 0x80753000 - 0x807b4000   ( 388 kB)

[    0.000000]       .data : 0x807b4000 - 0x8081747c   ( 398 kB)

[    0.000000]        .bss : 0x8081747c - 0x808d61d4   ( 764 kB)

[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1

[    0.000000] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.

[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:608

[    0.000000] Architected cp15 timer(s) running at 19.20MHz (virt).

[    0.000012] sched_clock: 56 bits at 19MHz, resolution 52ns, wraps every 3579139424256ns

[    0.000035] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 52ns

[    0.000315] Console: colour dummy device 80x30

[    0.000355] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 38.40 BogoMIPS (lpj=192000)

[    0.000382] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301

[    0.000794] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

[    0.000816] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

[    0.002031] Initializing cgroup subsys memory

[    0.002083] Initializing cgroup subsys devices

[    0.002112] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer

[    0.002139] Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls

[    0.002162] Initializing cgroup subsys blkio

[    0.002268] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

[    0.002353] ftrace: allocating 19588 entries in 58 pages

[    0.050584] missing device node for CPU 0

[    0.050623] missing device node for CPU 1

[    0.050635] missing device node for CPU 2

[    0.050646] missing device node for CPU 3

[    0.050666] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 15, mpidr 80000f00

[    0.050682] [bcm2709_smp_prepare_cpus] enter

[    0.050813] Setting up static identity map for 0x5279d8 - 0x527a0c

[    0.110560] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:1 started (0) 18

[    0.110867] CPU1: Booted secondary processor

[    0.110876] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:1

[    0.110929] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 15, mpidr 80000f01

[    0.130535] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:2 started (0) 16

[    0.130776] CPU2: Booted secondary processor

[    0.130784] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:2

[    0.130820] CPU2: thread -1, cpu 2, socket 15, mpidr 80000f02

[    0.150594] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:3 started (0) 18

[    0.150820] CPU3: Booted secondary processor

[    0.150827] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:3

[    0.150857] CPU3: thread -1, cpu 3, socket 15, mpidr 80000f03

[    0.150949] Brought up 4 CPUs

[    0.150981] SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (153.60 BogoMIPS).

[    0.150992] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.

[    0.152003] devtmpfs: initialized

[    0.176807] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5

[    0.178779] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem

[    0.179551] NET: Registered protocol family 16

[    0.185214] DMA: preallocated 4096 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations

[    0.186359] bcm2709.uart_clock = 3000000

[    0.188705] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.

[    0.188720] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes.

[    0.188759] mailbox: Broadcom VideoCore Mailbox driver

[    0.188867] bcm2708_vcio: mailbox at f300b880

[    0.189223] bcm_power: Broadcom power driver

[    0.189241] bcm_power_open() -> 0

[    0.189252] bcm_power_request(0, 8)

[    0.689939] bcm_mailbox_read -> 00000080, 0

[    0.689952] bcm_power_request -> 0

[    0.690073] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver

[    0.690203] dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x3f201000 (irq = 83, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev3

[    1.195411] console [ttyAMA0] enabled

[    1.263784] SCSI subsystem initialized

[    1.267759] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs

[    1.273400] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub

[    1.278844] usbcore: registered new device driver usb

[    1.285730] Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter

[    1.321312] FS-Cache: Loaded

[    1.324507] CacheFiles: Loaded

[    1.338868] NET: Registered protocol family 2

[    1.344505] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

[    1.351724] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)

[    1.358419] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)

[    1.364871] TCP: reno registered

[    1.368140] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

[    1.374104] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

[    1.380829] NET: Registered protocol family 1

[    1.385830] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.

[    1.391747] RPC: Registered udp transport module.

[    1.396472] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

[    1.401170] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.

[    1.407969] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...

[    1.413710] rootfs image is not initramfs (compression method lzma not configured); looks like an initrd

[    1.483308] Freeing initrd memory: 12660K (ba393000 - baff0000)

[    1.490700] bcm2708_dma: DMA manager at f3007000

[    1.495447] bcm2708_gpio: bcm2708_gpio_probe 807df0a8

[    1.501251] vc-mem: phys_addr:0x00000000 mem_base=0x3dc00000 mem_size:0x3f000000(1008 MiB)

[    1.511126] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)

[    1.517566] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)

[    1.523020] audit: type=2000 audit(1.299:1): initialized

[    1.544791] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2

[    1.549104] Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)

[    1.558611] FS-Cache: Netfs 'nfs' registered for caching

[    1.564864] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type

[    1.570002] Key type id_resolver registered

[    1.574181] Key type id_legacy registered

[    1.579335] msgmni has been set to 1853

[    1.584926] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 252)

[    1.592587] io scheduler noop registered

[    1.596565] io scheduler deadline registered (default)

[    1.602062] io scheduler cfq registered

[    1.607947] BCM2708FB: allocated DMA memory f9c00000

[    1.612946] BCM2708FB: allocated DMA channel 0 @ f3007000

[    1.642946] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 200x56

[    1.664773] bcm2708-dmaengine bcm2708-dmaengine: Load BCM2835 DMA engine driver

[    1.672467] uart-pl011 dev:f1: no DMA platform data

[    1.677889] vc-cma: Videocore CMA driver

[    1.681811] vc-cma: vc_cma_base      = 0x00000000

[    1.686538] vc-cma: vc_cma_size      = 0x00000000 (0 MiB)

[    1.691929] vc-cma: vc_cma_initial   = 0x00000000 (0 MiB)

[    1.709185] brd: module loaded

[    1.718203] loop: module loaded

[    1.721643] vchiq: vchiq_init_state: slot_zero = 0xb9800000, is_master = 0

[    1.729344] Loading iSCSI transport class v2.0-870.

[    1.735106] usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx

[    1.740969] dwc_otg: version 3.00a 10-AUG-2012 (platform bus)

[    1.947049] Core Release: 2.80a

[    1.950209] Setting default values for core params

[    1.955034] Finished setting default values for core params

[    2.161054] Using Buffer DMA mode

[    2.164369] Periodic Transfer Interrupt Enhancement - disabled

[    2.170210] Multiprocessor Interrupt Enhancement - disabled

[    2.175793] OTG VER PARAM: 0, OTG VER FLAG: 0

[    2.180150] Dedicated Tx FIFOs mode

[    2.183959] WARN::dwc_otg_hcd_init:1047: FIQ DMA bounce buffers: virt = 0xb9c14000 dma = 0xf9c14000 len=9024

[    2.193830] FIQ FSM acceleration enabled for :

[    2.193830] Non-periodic Split Transactions

[    2.193830] Periodic Split Transactions

[    2.193830] High-Speed Isochronous Endpoints

[    2.210588] WARN::hcd_init_fiq:412: FIQ on core 1 at 0x803d8d0c

[    2.216506] WARN::hcd_init_fiq:413: FIQ ASM at 0x803d9068 length 36

[    2.222770] WARN::hcd_init_fiq:438: MPHI regs_base at 0xbb80a000

[    2.228854] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: DWC OTG Controller

[    2.233783] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1

[    2.241060] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: irq 32, io mem 0x00000000

[    2.246607] Init: Port Power? op_state=1

[    2.250524] Init: Power Port (0)

[    2.254024] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002

[    2.260839] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1

[    2.268077] usb usb1: Product: DWC OTG Controller

[    2.272779] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.18.10-v7+ dwc_otg_hcd

[    2.278888] usb usb1: SerialNumber: bcm2708_usb

[    2.284264] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found

[    2.288112] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected

[    2.292928] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage

[    2.299274] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

[    2.305516] bcm2835-cpufreq: min=600000 max=900000

[    2.310737] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver

[    2.316974] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman

[    2.321509] DMA channels allocated for the MMC driver

[    2.365772] Load BCM2835 MMC driver

[    2.369588] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper

[    2.378943] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs

[    2.386069] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina

[    2.391718] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid

[    2.397308] usbhid: USB HID core driver

[    2.401436] TCP: cubic registered

[    2.404755] Initializing XFRM netlink socket

[    2.409077] NET: Registered protocol family 17

[    2.413674] Key type dns_resolver registered

[    2.418395] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler

[    2.424047] registered taskstats version 1

[    2.424370] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable

[    2.427427] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa

[    2.428117] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SL08G 7.40 GiB

[    2.437619]  mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 p4

[    2.449760] vc-sm: Videocore shared memory driver

[    2.454468] [vc_sm_connected_init]: start

[    2.459202] [vc_sm_connected_init]: end - returning 0

[    2.465182] RAMDISK: lzma image found at block 0

[    2.469881] RAMDISK: lzma decompressor not configured!

[    2.475016] Invalid ramdisk decompression routine.  Select appropriate config option.

[    2.482897] Kernel panic - not syncing: Could not decompress initial ramdisk image.

[    2.485895] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00021501

[    2.495673] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.18.10-v7+ #2

[    2.502050] [<80015ee8>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<800127b0>] (show_stack+0x20/0x24)

[    2.509799] [<800127b0>] (show_stack) from [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack+0x98/0xd8)

[    2.517026] [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack) from [<8051c5e0>] (panic+0xa4/0x204)

[    2.523907] [<8051c5e0>] (panic) from [<80754b9c>] (rd_load_image+0x2bc/0x5e4)

[    2.531131] [<80754b9c>] (rd_load_image) from [<80754fe0>] (initrd_load+0x40/0x2d8)

[    2.538788] [<80754fe0>] (initrd_load) from [<8075460c>] (prepare_namespace+0xd0/0x1c8)

[    2.546791] [<8075460c>] (prepare_namespace) from [<80753ea8>] (kernel_init_freeable+0x18c/0x1d4)

[    2.555662] [<80753ea8>] (kernel_init_freeable) from [<8051ba48>] (kernel_init+0x18/0xfc)

[    2.563839] [<8051ba48>] (kernel_init) from [<8000ea08>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x20)

[    2.571406] CPU1: stopping

[    2.574118] CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 3.18.10-v7+ #2

[    2.580480] [<80015ee8>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<800127b0>] (show_stack+0x20/0x24)

[    2.588227] [<800127b0>] (show_stack) from [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack+0x98/0xd8)

[    2.595451] [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack) from [<80014758>] (handle_IPI+0x234/0x268)

[    2.602844] [<80014758>] (handle_IPI) from [<800085f8>] (do_IPI+0x18/0x1c)

[    2.609719] [<800085f8>] (do_IPI) from [<80525774>] (__irq_svc+0x34/0x14c)

[    2.616584] Exception stack(0xb8ce3f70 to 0xb8ce3fb8)

[    2.621634] 3f60:                                     807d9ccc 00000000 00000000 00000000

[    2.629806] 3f80: b8ce2000 00000001 807d8dd4 808177c8 8081289c 807d8d74 8052a828 b8ce3fc4

[    2.637976] 3fa0: b8ce3fb8 b8ce3fb8 8000f498 8000f49c 60000113 ffffffff

[    2.644593] [<80525774>] (__irq_svc) from [<8000f49c>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x30/0x4c)

[    2.651992] [<8000f49c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<8005a11c>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x1e4/0x264)

[    2.660255] [<8005a11c>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<800142a8>] (secondary_start_kernel+0x144/0x164)

[    2.669295] [<800142a8>] (secondary_start_kernel) from [<00008684>] (0x8684)

[    2.676335] CPU2: stopping

[    2.679046] CPU: 2 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/2 Not tainted 3.18.10-v7+ #2

[    2.685406] [<80015ee8>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<800127b0>] (show_stack+0x20/0x24)

[    2.693151] [<800127b0>] (show_stack) from [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack+0x98/0xd8)

[    2.700374] [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack) from [<80014758>] (handle_IPI+0x234/0x268)

[    2.707766] [<80014758>] (handle_IPI) from [<800085f8>] (do_IPI+0x18/0x1c)

[    2.714640] [<800085f8>] (do_IPI) from [<80525774>] (__irq_svc+0x34/0x14c)

[    2.721504] Exception stack(0xb8ce5f70 to 0xb8ce5fb8)

[    2.726552] 5f60:                                     807d9ccc 00000000 00000000 00000000

[    2.734723] 5f80: b8ce4000 00000002 807d8dd4 808177c8 8081289c 807d8d74 8052a828 b8ce5fc4

[    2.742893] 5fa0: b8ce5fb8 b8ce5fb8 8000f498 8000f49c 60000113 ffffffff

[    2.749509] [<80525774>] (__irq_svc) from [<8000f49c>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x30/0x4c)

[    2.756905] [<8000f49c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<8005a11c>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x1e4/0x264)

[    2.765168] [<8005a11c>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<800142a8>] (secondary_start_kernel+0x144/0x164)

[    2.774205] [<800142a8>] (secondary_start_kernel) from [<00008684>] (0x8684)

[    2.781244] CPU3: stopping

[    2.783955] CPU: 3 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/3 Not tainted 3.18.10-v7+ #2

[    2.790316] [<80015ee8>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<800127b0>] (show_stack+0x20/0x24)

[    2.798061] [<800127b0>] (show_stack) from [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack+0x98/0xd8)

[    2.805284] [<8051ff5c>] (dump_stack) from [<80014758>] (handle_IPI+0x234/0x268)

[    2.812677] [<80014758>] (handle_IPI) from [<800085f8>] (do_IPI+0x18/0x1c)

[    2.819551] [<800085f8>] (do_IPI) from [<80525774>] (__irq_svc+0x34/0x14c)

[    2.826415] Exception stack(0xb8ce7f70 to 0xb8ce7fb8)

[    2.831463] 7f60:                                     807d9ccc 00000000 00000000 00000000

[    2.839635] 7f80: b8ce6000 00000003 807d8dd4 808177c8 8081289c 807d8d74 8052a828 b8ce7fc4

[    2.847803] 7fa0: b8ce7fb8 b8ce7fb8 8000f498 8000f49c 60000113 ffffffff

[    2.854419] [<80525774>] (__irq_svc) from [<8000f49c>] (arch_cpu_idle+0x30/0x4c)

[    2.861816] [<8000f49c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<8005a11c>] (cpu_startup_entry+0x1e4/0x264)

[    2.870078] [<8005a11c>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<800142a8>] (secondary_start_kernel+0x144/0x164)

[    2.879116] [<800142a8>] (secondary_start_kernel) from [<00008684>] (0x8684)


아래는 정상부팅일 경우

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0xf00

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct

[    0.000000] Linux version 3.18.3-v7+ (michael@ubuntu) (gcc version 4.7.4 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.4-2ubuntu1) ) #4 SMP PREEMPT Thu Jan 29 09:31:27 EST 2015

[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d

[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache

[    0.000000] Machine: BCM2709

[    0.000000] cma: Reserved 8 MiB at 0x39800000

[    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc

[    0.000000] [bcm2709_smp_init_cpus] enter (8600->f3003010)

[    0.000000] [bcm2709_smp_init_cpus] ncores=4

[    0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 11 pages/cpu @ba365000 s13120 r8192 d23744 u45056

[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 239776

[    0.000000] Kernel command line: dma.dmachans=0x7f35 bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=1600 bcm2708_fb.fbheight=900 bcm2709.boardrev=0xa21041 bcm2709.serial=0xa37ce24e smsc95xx.macaddr=B8:27:EB:7C:E2:4E bcm2708_fb.fbswap=1 bcm2709.disk_led_gpio=47 bcm2709.disk_led_active_low=0 sdhci-bcm2708.emmc_clock_freq=250000000 vc_mem.mem_base=0x3dc00000 vc_mem.mem_size=0x3f000000  dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=ttyAMA0,115200 root=/dev/disk/by-label/system-a init=/lib/systemd/systemd ro panic=-1 fixrtc elevator=deadline rootwait

[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)

[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)

[    0.000000] Memory: 927012K/966656K available (6645K kernel code, 409K rwdata, 1908K rodata, 444K init, 788K bss, 39644K reserved)

[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:

[    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)

[    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (2048 kB)

[    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xbb800000 - 0xff000000   (1080 MB)

[    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xbb000000   ( 944 MB)

[    0.000000]     modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB)

[    0.000000]       .text : 0x80008000 - 0x80862874   (8555 kB)

[    0.000000]       .init : 0x80863000 - 0x808d2000   ( 444 kB)

[    0.000000]       .data : 0x808d2000 - 0x809384a4   ( 410 kB)

[    0.000000]        .bss : 0x809384a4 - 0x809fd4a8   ( 789 kB)

[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1

[    0.000000] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.

[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:480

[    0.000000] Architected cp15 timer(s) running at 19.20MHz (virt).

[    0.000014] sched_clock: 56 bits at 19MHz, resolution 52ns, wraps every 3579139424256ns

[    0.000035] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 52ns

[    0.000321] Console: colour dummy device 80x30

[    0.000363] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 38.40 BogoMIPS (lpj=192000)

[    0.000388] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301

[    0.000540] Security Framework initialized

[    0.000652] AppArmor: AppArmor initialized

[    0.000930] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

[    0.000952] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

[    0.002296] Initializing cgroup subsys memory

[    0.002353] Initializing cgroup subsys devices

[    0.002383] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer

[    0.002409] Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls

[    0.002433] Initializing cgroup subsys blkio

[    0.002519] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

[    0.002603] ftrace: allocating 23086 entries in 68 pages

[    0.059149] missing device node for CPU 0

[    0.059187] missing device node for CPU 1

[    0.059198] missing device node for CPU 2

[    0.059208] missing device node for CPU 3

[    0.059227] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 15, mpidr 80000f00

[    0.059244] [bcm2709_smp_prepare_cpus] enter

[    0.059377] Setting up static identity map for 0x5fdd90 - 0x5fddc4

[    0.119119] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:1 started (0) 17

[    0.119414] CPU1: Booted secondary processor

[    0.119422] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:1

[    0.119480] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 15, mpidr 80000f01

[    0.139127] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:2 started (0) 16

[    0.139364] CPU2: Booted secondary processor

[    0.139371] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:2

[    0.139405] CPU2: thread -1, cpu 2, socket 15, mpidr 80000f02

[    0.159138] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:3 started (0) 18

[    0.159358] CPU3: Booted secondary processor

[    0.159365] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:3

[    0.159396] CPU3: thread -1, cpu 3, socket 15, mpidr 80000f03

[    0.159501] Brought up 4 CPUs

[    0.159532] SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (153.60 BogoMIPS).

[    0.159543] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.

[    0.160621] devtmpfs: initialized

[    0.184273] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5

[    0.186260] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem

[    0.186724] regulator-dummy: no parameters

[    0.187487] NET: Registered protocol family 16

[    0.193344] DMA: preallocated 4096 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations

[    0.218893] cpuidle: using governor ladder

[    0.248924] cpuidle: using governor menu

[    0.249473] bcm2709.uart_clock = 3000000

[    0.251800] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.

[    0.251818] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes.

[    0.251855] mailbox: Broadcom VideoCore Mailbox driver

[    0.251951] bcm2708_vcio: mailbox at f300b880

[    0.252048] bcm_power: Broadcom power driver

[    0.252064] bcm_power_open() -> 0

[    0.252075] bcm_power_request(0, 8)

[    0.752766] bcm_mailbox_read -> 00000080, 0

[    0.752779] bcm_power_request -> 0

[    0.752910] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver

[    0.753045] uart-pl011 dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x3f201000 (irq = 83, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev3

[    1.278902] console [ttyAMA0] enabled

[    1.352357] SCSI subsystem initialized

[    1.356350] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs

[    1.361994] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub

[    1.367434] usbcore: registered new device driver usb

[    1.373822] NetLabel: Initializing

[    1.377224] NetLabel:  domain hash size = 128

[    1.381571] NetLabel:  protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4

[    1.386622] NetLabel:  unlabeled traffic allowed by default

[    1.393106] Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter

[    1.431003] FS-Cache: Loaded

[    1.434268] CacheFiles: Loaded

[    1.437799] AppArmor: AppArmor Filesystem Enabled

[    1.454386] NET: Registered protocol family 2

[    1.460051] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

[    1.467246] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)

[    1.473922] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)

[    1.480371] TCP: reno registered

[    1.483634] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

[    1.489596] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

[    1.496335] NET: Registered protocol family 1

[    1.501144] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.

[    1.507146] RPC: Registered udp transport module.

[    1.511847] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

[    1.516577] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.

[    1.523420] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...

[   14.530387] Freeing initrd memory: 12660K (ba393000 - baff0000)



음.. General Setup에 Initramfs source file가 누락되서 그런가?

링크를 보니 절대경로라는데.. 음? 머지 -ㅁ-?

[링크 : https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Custom_Initramfs]


 .config - Linux/arm 3.18.10 Kernel Configuration

 > General setup qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq

  lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq General setup qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk

  x  Arrow keys navigate the menu.  <Enter> selects submenus ---> (or empty submenus ----).  Highlighted        x

  x  letters are hotkeys.  Pressing <Y> includes, <N> excludes, <M> modularizes features.  Press <Esc><Esc> to  x

  x  exit, <?> for Help, </> for Search.  Legend: [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable    x

  x                                                                                                             x

  x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq^(-)qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x

  x x                 -*- Kernel->user space relay support (formerly relayfs)                                 x x

  x x                 [*] Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support                      x x

  x x                 ()    Initramfs source file(s)                                                          x x

  x x                 [*]   Support initial ramdisks compressed using gzip                                    x x

  x x                 [ ]   Support initial ramdisks compressed using bzip2                                   x x

  x x                 [ ]   Support initial ramdisks compressed using LZMA                                    x x

  x x                 [ ]   Support initial ramdisks compressed using XZ                                      x x

  x x                 [ ]   Support initial ramdisks compressed using LZO                                     x x

  x x                 [ ]   Support initial ramdisks compressed using LZ4                                     x x

  x x                 [ ] Optimize for size                                                                   x x

  x x                 -*- Configure standard kernel features (expert users)  --->                             x x

  x x                 [*] Embedded system                                                                     x x

  x x                     Kernel Performance Events And Counters  --->                                        x x

  x x                 [*] Enable VM event counters for /proc/vmstat                                           x x

  x x                 [*] Enable SLUB debugging support                                                       x x

  x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqv(+)qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x

  tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu

  x                          <Select>    < Exit >    < Help >    < Save >    < Load >                           x

  mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj


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